Bipolar Disorder Is A Manic Depressive Disease - 858 Words

Amabelisa Galvao Psychology Davis Mertz 14 December 2015 Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a manic-depressive disease; it is a brain disorder which sources uncommon changes in energy, mood, ability to do daily activities and activity levels. The symptoms are normally severe as they lead to poor performance in jobs and schools. Bipolar disorders can be cured and the sick people can have useful lives. Scientists and experts are reviewing the causes of the disease and they tend to agree there is no solitary cause. There are many factors which lead up to the illness and risk. Genetics The disease inclines more in related people and research has proven that some people are most likely to get the disease due to genes. If a parent has bipolar disorder then it is likely that the child might get the illness if you compare with those without the family history. Technology has had some improvements like the creation of Bipolar Disorder Phenome Database that will help experts join evident emblems of the disorder with the genes of the illness. Experts are also learning about other diseases with the same symptoms to know genetic dissimilarities. Another risk factor is that even identical twins even with identical genes cannot always get the disease of their parents Evans and Andrews, 48). Brain functioning and structures Some tools used for seeing the brain like positron emission tomography help experts see the rain functioning and learn more about the brain. This has enabled theShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1648 Words   |  7 PagesBisecting Bipolar Disorder Introduction and Background Overview 3.9% of adults in the United States are suffering from bipolar disorder as of 2014 according to the National Institute of Mental Health (Jann, 2014). Although rare, it is still a prevalent disease in the realm of mental health and requires special attention from healthcare providers. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition described by repeated manic or depressive episodes. Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Patient s Life1203 Words   |  5 Pagesof mental health disorders, one of the most common is Bipolar Disorder. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), Bipolar Disorder affects as much as 2.6% of the adult population. The effects of Bipolar Disorder can range from mild (having little impact on the patient’s day to day life) to severe (making the patient’s life debilitating and nonfunctioning). Bipolar Disorder also has a devastating effect on the patient’s fr iends and family. Bipolar Disorder is one of the mostRead MoreBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering from the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. One fact of which we are aware, is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational successRead MoreBipolar And Depressive Stages Of Bipolar Disorder958 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is also sometimes referred to as manic depression. The disorder affects 5.7 million Americans (Kessler, 2005) and is ranked as the sixth leading cause of disability in the world in the 15- to 44-year age group (Kessler, 2005). The defining characteristic of bipolar disorder is alterations in mood between manic and depressive stages. Both the manic and the depressive stages of bipolar disorder are disruptive in one s life. The alterations between manic and depressive phases may onlyRead MoreBipolar Disorder or Manic Depression719 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is also known by many as manic depression. It is a serious mental disorder that is associated by sever changes in a person’s mood, the mood changes range from feeling low and depressed to being manic, these changes are the typical symptoms of Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain, and can be managed with therapy and medication. The episodes can last for days, hours or can be very short. Bipolar disorder affects both womenRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Patients Life1196 Words   |  5 Pagesof mental health disorders, one of the most common is Bipolar Disorder. According to the Depressi on and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), Bipolar Disorder affects as much as 2.6% of the adult population. The effects of Bipolar Disorder can range from mild (having little impact on the patient’s day to day life) to severe (making the patient’s life debilitating and nonfunctioning). Bipolar Disorder also has a devastating effect on the patient’s friends and family. Bipolar Disorder is one of the mostRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1447 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness in which common emotions become intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Individuals with bipolar disorder can quickly swing from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to sadness, fatigue and confusion. Bipolar disorder more commonly develops in older teenagers and young adults; it can appear in children as 6. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown; there are two types of this disease: Types of the bipolar disorder: People with bipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Medical Condition1022 Words   |  5 PagesBIPOLAR DISORDER 1 Bipolar Disorder, often called Manic Depression, is a medical condition that involves severe mood swings in an individual. It is a lifetime condition that needs to be treated to keep it in remission (APA). It is not just a mental illness, but a medical disease involving the brain. 2 The disease progresses as the years pass and the frequency of mood changing episodes becomes more frequent (MHN). Bipolar Disorder involves depressive and manic phases. With the symptoms presentedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1442 Words   |  6 Pagesexample, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects â€Å"about 2.6% of the U.S. population† every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, â€Å"unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks† (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of bipolar are several factors that contribute to the presence of the disease, which researchers

The Myth of Cyberterrorism Free Essays

Problems in economy With using viruses, worm has costed to the USA $15 bil 2 Mind hackers targeted government computers Content and Organisation Read the paragraph below taken from the text â€Å"Myth of Cyberterrorism† and analyse the content and organisation. â€Å"The main reason for this controversy is that cyber-threats have not materialized as a national security threat, even granted that there have been some few incidents with at least some potential for grave consequences. Interestingly enough, both hypers and de-hypers tend to agree on this point. We will write a custom essay sample on The Myth of Cyberterrorism or any similar topic only for you Order Now But while the first group assumes that vicious attacks that wreak havoc and paralyze whole nations are imminent, more cautious researchers often point to the practical difficulties of a serious cyberattack (Ingles-le Nobel, 1999), question the assumption of critical infrastructure vulnerabilities (Lewis, 2002; Smith, 1998, 2000), or point to unclear benefits of cyber- attacks for terrorist groups (Barak, 2004). Despite this caution, however, even the second group contends that one â€Å"cannot afford to shrug off the threat† (Denning, 001 a) due to unclear and rapid tuture technological development as well as dynamic change of the capabilities of terrorism groups themselves (Technical Analysis Group, 2003). To summarize the debate in a nutshell: due to too many uncertainties concerning the scope of the threat, experts are unable to conclude whether cyber-terror is fact or fiction, or, since they are unwilling to dismiss the threat completely, how long it is likely to remain fiction. How to cite The Myth of Cyberterrorism, Papers

Adverb And Adjective free essay sample

An adverb is a modifying part of speech. It describes verbs, other adverbs, adjectives, and phrases. They are used to describe how, where, when, how often and why something happens. In Old and Middle English, the genitive case was productive, and adverbial genitives were commonplace. While Modern English does not fully retain the genitive case, it has left various relics, including a number of adverbial genitives. Some of these are now analyzed as ordinary adverbs, including the following: a. always (which originated from all way) b. fterwards, towards, and so on (from their counterparts in -ward, which historically were adjectives) A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that connects two clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships e. g accordingly, additionally, almost, anyway, again, as a result, besides, certainly, comparatively, consequently, contrarily etc. The following rules are considered to be correct punctuation for conjunctive adverbs: * Use a semicolon or period before the conjunctive adverb to separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb. A conjunctive adverb is not strong enough to join two independent clauses without the aid of a semicolon. * Use a comma following the conjunctive adverb when it appears at the beginning of the second clause unless the adverb is one syllable. Like other adverbs, conjunctive adverbs may move around in the clause (or sentence) in which they appear. When they appear at the end of the clause, they are preceded by a comma. If they appear in the middle of the clause, they are normally enclosed in commas, though this rule is not absolute and is not always applied to very short clauses. Examples: * He can leap tall buildings in a single bound; furthermore, Dwight Schrute is a hog. * He can leap tall buildings in a single bound. Furthermore, Dwight Schrute is a hog. * Bret enjoys video games; therefore, he is a crazy nerd. * Bret enjoys video games. He is a crazy nerd. * He went to the store; however, he did not buy anything. * He went to the store. He did not buy anything. * Stephanie lent me a barrel of pickled plums; consequently, she is my girlfriend. * Stephanie lent me a barrel of pickled plums. She is consequently my friend. I sat down alongside Adam; henceforth, he sang. * Elaine wanted to high-five the friendly giant; consequently, she had to jump to reach him. Â  A prepositional adverb is a word mainly a particle which is very similar in its form to a preposition but functions as an adverb. Prepositional adverbs occur mainly in English, German and Dutch. Unlike real prepositions, they occur mainly at the end of a phrase and not before nouns. They also modify the verb, which a preposition does not. An example of a prepositional adverb in English is inside in He came inside. A verb combined with a prepositional adverb is called a phrasal verb only if the verbs meaning is changed by the prepositional adverb. In English, there are lots of examples of this. For example, let can have many possible meanings depending on which prepositional adverb it is combined with (let down, let in, let off, let to etc. ) 4. PRONOMIAL: A pronominal adverb is a type of adverb occurring in a number of Germanic languages, formed in replacement of a preposition and a pronoun by turning the latter into a locative adverb and the former into a prepositional adverb and joining them in reverse order. For example: * For that therefore * In that therein * By this hereby * To this hereto * In which wherein In English, pronominal adverbs are most commonly encountered in literary registers or in legal usage. They are used frequently by lawyers and drafters of legal documents primarily as a way of avoiding the repetition of names of things in the document (or sometimes as a self-reference to the document itself). For this reason, pronominal adverbs are often seen as a type of legal jargon. The Adjective Recognize an adjective when you see one. Adjectives describe nouns by answering one of these three questions: What kind is it? How many are there? Which one is it? An adjective can be a single word, a phrase, or a clause. Check out these examples: What kind is it? Dan decided that the fuzzy green bread would make an unappetizing sandwich. What kind of bread? Fuzzy and green! What kind of sandwich? Unappetizing! A friend with a fat wallet will never want for weekend shopping partners. What kind of friend? One with money to spend! A towel that is still warm from the dryer is more comforting than a hot fudge sundae. What kind of towel? One right out of the dryer. How many are there? Seven hungry space aliens slithered into the diner and ordered two dozen vanilla milkshakes. How many hungry space aliens? Seven! The students, five freshmen and six sophomores, braved Dr. Ribleys killer calculus exam. How many students? Eleven! The disorganized pile of books, which contained seventeen overdue volumes from the library and five unread class texts, blocked the doorway in Elis dorm room. How many books? Twenty-two! Which one is it? The most unhealthy item from the cafeteria is the steak sub, which will slime your hands with grease. Which item from the cafeteria? Certainly not the one that will lower your cholesterol! The cockroach eyeing your cookie has started to crawl this way. Which cockroach? Not the one crawling up your leg but the one who wants your cookie! The students who neglected to prepare for Mrs. Mauzys English class hide in the cafeteria rather than risk their instructors wrath. Which students? Not the good students but the lazy slackers. How to punctuate a series of adjectives. To describe a noun fully, you might need to use two or more adjectives. Sometimes a series of adjectives requires commas, but sometimes it doesnt. What makes the difference? If the adjectives are coordinate, you must use commas between them. If, on the other hand, the adjectives are noncoordinate, no commas are necessary. How do you tell the difference? Coordinate adjectives can pass one of two tests. When you reorder the series or when you insert and between them, they still make sense. Look at the following example: The tall, creamy, delicious milkshake melted on the counter while the inattentive waiter flirted with the pretty cashier. Now read this revision: The delicious, tall, creamy milkshake melted on the counter while the inattentive waiter flirted with the pretty cashier. The series of adjectives still makes sense even though the order has changed. And if you insert and between the adjectives, you still have a logical sentence: The tall and creamy and delicious milkshake melted on the counter while the inattentive waiter flirted with the pretty cashier. Noncoordinate adjectives do not make sense when you reorder the series or when you insert and between them. Check out this example: Jeannes two fat Siamese cats hog the electric blanket on cold winter evenings. If you switch the order of the adjectives, the sentence becomes gibberish: Fat Siamese two Jeannes cats hog the electric blanket on cold winter evenings. Logic will also evaporate if you insert and between the adjectives. Jeannes and two and fat and Siamese cats hog the electric blanket on cold winter evenings. Forming comparative and superlative adjectives correctly. To make comparisons, you will often need comparative or superlative adjectives. You use comparative adjectives if you are discussing two people, places, or things. You use superlative adjectives if you have three or more people, places, or things. Look at these two examples: Stevie, a suck up who sits in the front row, has a thicker notebook than Nina, who never comes to class. The thinnest notebook belongs to Mike, a computer geek who scans all notes and handouts and saves them on the hard drive of his laptop. You can form comparative adjectives two ways. You can add er to the end of the adjective, or you can use more or less before it. Do not, however, do both! You violate the rules of grammar if you claim that you are more taller, more smarter, or less faster than your older brother Fred. One-syllable words generally take er at the end, as in these examples: Because Fuzz is a smaller cat than Buster, she loses the fights for tuna fish. For dinner, we ordered a bigger pizza than usual so that we would have cold leftovers for breakfast. Two-syllable words vary. Check out these examples: Kelly is lazier than an old dog; he is perfectly happy spending an entire Saturday on the couch, watching old movies and napping. The new suit makes Marvin more handsome than a movie star. Use more or less before adjectives with three or more syllables: Movies on our new flat-screen television are, thankfully, less colorful; we no longer have to tolerate the electric greens and nuclear pinks of the old unit. Heather is more compassionate than anyone I know; she watches where she steps to avoid squashing a poor bug by accident. You can form superlative adjectives two ways as well. You can add est to the end of the adjective, or you can use most or least before it. Do not, however, do both! You violate another grammatical rule if you claim that you are the most brightest, most happiest, or least angriest member of your family. One-syllable words generally take est at the end, as in these examples: These are the tartest lemon-roasted squid tentacles that I have ever eaten! Nigel, the tallest member of the class, has to sit in the front row because he has bad eyes; the rest of us crane around him for a glimpse of the board. Two-syllable words vary. Check out these examples: Because Hector refuses to read directions, he made the crispiest mashed potatoes ever in the history of instant food. Because Isaac has a crush on Ms. Orsini, his English teacher, he believes that she is the most gorgeous creature to walk the planet. Use most or least before adjectives with three or more syllables: The most frustrating experience of Desirees day was arriving home to discover that the onion rings were missing from her drive-thru order. The least believable detail of the story was that the space aliens had offered Eli a slice of pepperoni pizza before his release.

Inherit The Wind Essays (931 words) - Scopes Trial,

Inherit The Wind The Truth about Stanley Kramers Inherit the Wind History is consistently used in films as a technique to teach the values and morals of events that occurred. But whats the point in teaching history through films when they are terribly fictional? In films, the director finds the best scheme to intrigue their audience only by changing the actual event to satisfy their interest. This is true for Stanley Kramer when he made the history of John Scopes and his monkey trial into a film called Inherit the Wind. Kramer knew the exact stereotypical Hollywood history his audience enjoyed. The trial itself had a series of conflicts, the main one being evolution vs. religion. Yet there was also a series of tensions throughout the movie, including the argument between individual vs. society. The same themes from Inherit the Wind can also be seen from the actual monkey trial event in Dayton, Tennessee. It is sometimes said that truth is stranger than fiction and according to this film, truth is also stronger than fiction. Inherit the Wind ignored the true dramatic moment, which is essential to the actual trial that happened in Dayton, Tennessee. Kramer even portrayed his own opinion of this trial in this film. The truth was so distorted in the film so now the argument is not individual vs. society or evolution vs. religion but history vs. fiction. Inherit the Wind is set in the little town of Hillsboro when Bertram Cates (played by), a biology teacher, was thrown into prison for teaching Darwins theory of evolution. Two famous lawyers were behind this case, Henry Drummond (played by) as the defender and Mathew Harrison Brady (played by), as the prosecutor. Mathew Harrison Brady who was voted 3 times for a presidential candidate was sent to Hillsboro is carry out the job as a prosecutor for this trial. As for Cates, a journalist from Baltimore Herald by the name of E.K. Horrbeck willingly provided a lawyer named Henry Drummond for him. Horrbeck was interested in the Cates, expecting to make big bucks from this big media case. The two opposing lawyers, Drummond and Brady, were Kramers two main characters, both with different opinions on how humans arrived on earth. Drummond supported the evolution theory, while Brady, the creation theory. In this film, Kramer distorted the facts of the actual trial to make this film more of a dr ama than a history documentary. He added fictitious characters like Reverend Heremiah Brown (played by) and his daughter Rachel Brown (played by) to bring this drama out. Its obvious that Rachel is used as icon in Inherit the Wind to make film be seen as more of a drama with the typical love story that directly attracts more audience to his film. Kramer also added Bradys death in the courtroom. He dramatically died of a heart attack in the chaotic courtroom at the end of the trial after his last speech. Persecuted The film is far from the truth, the actual trial didnt happen in quite the same way. The 1925, Dayton, Tennessee went against one of its individual, John Scopes. He just so happened to be substituting for a biology class that was learning about the Darwins theory. Similar to the film, the actual lawyers, Darrow and Bryan were also famous in their position of the society. Darrow was the defender, and Bryan, the prosecutor. The characters in this film also had different personalities compared with the actual history figures they are. Take Drummond for example, he was less cynical and biting than Scopes actual defender, Darrow. Brady, on the other hand, was portrayed more of a comical fanatic at moments in the courtroom. From this event on, the flaws of this little town began to reveal. The townspeople of Hillsboro were far more frenzied, mean-spirited, and ignorant than the real citizens of Dayton were toward this trial. From the fictitious characters and the distant differences between the history and film, I can conclude that Kramer was completely biased when he was directing this film. When the actual trial and the film are compared, itd obvious that Kramer was not only thinking of his audiences interest but his own. He was biased

Free College Admission Essays

Free College Admission Essays Free College Admission Essays Free College Admission Essays Writing a college admission essay is one of the most intimidating parts of the application process. A lot of questions arise in students minds as for the information to include into their essay papers. What should I write about? What life experience will be considered as significant? How do I know what will the admission committee appreciate in admission essays? If you are writing a college admission essay and need individual admission essay help, do not hesitate to place an order at this site. Get professionally written admission essay without any efforts! These questions seem to turn your head, but no exact and accurate answers come up to your mind. Probably, the best idea in this case is to look through free college admission essays? Still, do not hurry to surround yourself with mountains of free college admission essays found in any possible for your place. First, filter them: which free college admission essays editing online are or are not worth using? Let us discuss it. The vast majority of free college admission essays (especially the ones you can find on the websites with .edu domain) are written by usual students Actually, nobody knows whether those papers were successful or not, and whether their authors were accepted to the college of their dream. What is more, you cannot be sure that free college admission essays online correspond to at least the standard requirements for entrance essays. It means that using them may be rather harmful to you. So, be careful with free college admission essays online. Before you start writing your admission essay, visit the official website of the college you are going to enter. Very often during the application process, new articles appear at colleges official websites to help applicants pass their examinations. Some of them even provide them with examples of college admission essays. This is practically done in order for applicants to see what entrance essays worked and why they were successful. If you are eager to get a couple of such free college admission essays, visit the following link: Items to analyze in free college admission essays: How is the paper organized? What writing technique does the author use? Does the author address the reader directly? Is s/he honest and sincere to the reader? What specific experience does the author share? Does s/he talks about his/her weak points as well as about the strong ones? Does s/he exaggerate the strengths? Why is the introduction successful? Why is the conclusion effective? Finally, remember that you cannot plagiarize free college admission essays, as plagiarism is strictly forbidden within the academic study. If you are looking for free essays online and want to review good free term paper sample or free research paper example, surf our blog and you will find wealth of articles! Read more: Essays Comparing Poems Critical Success Factor Analysis Conflict Essay A Reflection Essay Writing English Coursework

Battle of Dak To in the Vietnam War

Battle of Dak To in the Vietnam War The Battle of Dak To was a major engagement of the Vietnam War and was fought from November 3 to 22, 1967. Armies Commanders US Republic of Vietnam Major General William R. Peers16,000 men North Vietnam Viet Cong General Hoang Minh ThaoTran The Mon6,000 men Background of the Battle of Dak To In the summer of 1967, the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN) initiated a series of attacks in western Kontum Province. To counter these, Major General William R. Peers commenced Operation Greeley using elements of the 4th Infantry Division and the 173rd Airborne Brigade. This was designed to sweep PAVN forces from the jungle-covered mountains of the region. After a series of sharp engagements, contact with PAVN forces diminished in August, leading the Americans to believe that they had withdrawn back across the border into Cambodia and Laos. After a quiet September, US intelligence reported that PAVN forces around Pleiku were moving into Kontum in early October. This shift increased PAVN strength in the area to around division level. The PAVN plan was to utilize the the 6,000 men of the 24th, 32nd, 66th, and 174th regiments to isolate and destroy a brigade-sized American force near Dak To. Largely devised by  General Nguyen Chi Thanh, the goal of this plan was to force the further deployment of American troops to the border regions which would leave South Vietnams cities and lowlands vulnerable. To deal with this build up of PAVN forces, Peers directed the 3rd Battalion of the 12th Infantry and the 3rd Battalion of the 8th Infantry to launch Operation MacArthur on November 3. Fighting Begins Peers understanding of the enemys intentions and strategy was greatly enhanced on November 3, following the defection of Sergeant Vu Hong who provided key information regarding PAVN unit locations and intentions. Alerted to each PAVN units location and objective, Peers men began engaging the enemy the same day, disrupting the North Vietnamese plans for attacking Dak To. As elements of the 4th Infantry, 173rd Airborne, and the 1st Brigade of the 1st Air Cavalry went into action they found that the North Vietnamese had prepared elaborate defensive positions on the hills and ridges around Dak To. Over the ensuing three weeks, American forces developed a methodical approach to reducing PAVN positions. Once the enemy was located, massive amounts of firepower (both artillery and air strikes) were applied, followed by an infantry assault to secure to objective. To support this approach, Bravo Company, 4th Battalion, 173rd Airborne established Fire Support Base 15 on Hill 823 early in the campaign. In most instances, PAVN forces fought tenaciously, bloodying the Americans, before vanishing into the jungle. Key firefights in the campaign occurred on Hills 724 and 882. As these fights were taking place around Dak To, the airstrip became a target for PAVN artillery and rocket attacks. Final Engagements The worst of these took place on November 12, when rockets and shellfire destroyed several C-130 Hercules transports as well as detonated the bases ammunition and fuel depots. This resulted in the loss of 1,100 tons of ordnance. In addition to the American forces, Army of Vietnam (ARVN) units also took part in the battle, seeing action around Hill 1416. The last major engagement of the Battle of Dak To began on November 19, when the 2nd Battalion of the 503rd Airborne attempted to take Hill 875. After meeting initial success, the 2/503 found itself caught in an elaborate ambush. Surrounded, it endured a severe friendly fire incident and was not relieved until the next day. Resupplied and reinforced, the 503rd attacked the crest of Hill 875 on November 21. After savage, close-quarters fighting, the airborne troopers neared the top of the hill, but were forced to halt due to darkness. The following day was spent hammering the crest with artillery and air strikes, completely removing all cover. Moving out on the 23rd, the Americans took the top of the hill after finding that the North Vietnamese had already departed. By the end of November, the PAVN forces around Dak To were so battered that they were withdrawn back across the border ending the battle. Aftermath of the Battle of Dak To A victory for the Americans and South Vietnamese, the Battle of Dak To cost 376 US killed, 1,441 US wounded, and 79 ARVN killed. In the course of the fighting, Allied forces fired 151,000 artillery rounds, flew 2,096 tactical air sorties, and conducted 257 B-52 Stratofortress strikes. Initial US estimates placed enemy losses above 1,600, but these were quickly questioned and PAVN casualties were later estimated to be between 1,000 and 1,445 killed. The Battle of Dak To saw US forces drive the North Vietnamese from the Kontum Province and decimated the regiments of the 1st PAVN Division. As a result, three of the four would be unable to participate the Tet Offensive in January 1968. One of the border battles of late 1967, the Battle of Dak To did accomplish a key PAVN objective as US forces began to move out from cities and lowlands. By January 1968, half of all US combat units were operating away from these key areas. This led to some concern among those on General William Westmorelands staff as they saw parallels with the events that led to French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954.  These concerns would be realized with the beginning of the Battle of Khe Sanh in January 1968. Resources and Further Reading Vietnam Studies: Tactical and Material InnovationsEdward F. Murphy, Dak To. New York: Presidio Press , 2002.

Maisie is representative of her class (the working poor) and gender Essay

Maisie is representative of her class (the working poor) and gender. Discuss the effects of WWI on the class system and on women, in particular - Essay Example One of the ways in which Maisie Dobbs represents the working class poor is by having a history and identity that totally correlates with the working class poor. Particularly, Maisie Dobbs hails from a poor background. Alongside this, Maisie becomes less fortunate as she loses her mother her mother at her pubescent stage of life. To show for this poverty and underprivileged status, Dobbs has to work to supplement her father’s efforts. In fact, the matter is graver since this means that Dobbs is being exploited, since she is a minor yet she is employed. This is not so uncommon among low income earners or the working class poor societies which may not mind their underage children being conscripted into child labor, to supplement their meager earnings (Winspear, 12). Likewise, Dobbs represents the working class poor by landing a lowly job as maid at Lady Rowan Compton’s Belgravia Mansion, in 1910. Mostly, it is the working class poor which cannot discriminate against jobs that come their way, because of prevailing antecedent factors such as previous inability to access quality education. This means that in the long run, the working class poor subculture cannot produce favorable qualifications to help them attain meaningful jobs. Dobbs also represents the working class poor by taking education seriously. The working class poor takes education seriously because it sees it as the only conduit by which it can become empowered and scale upwards in the society. High income earners and the upper middle class may mostly not take learning as seriously as the working class poor, since the two classes are privileged to have several options. The seriousness that Dobbs expends in her learning is seen in her being filled with the joy of reading and learning when she is introduced to Lady Compton’s library. Dobbs also gladly and willingly becomes Maurice Blanche’s

Organisational begaviour management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organisational begaviour management - Essay Example By gaining a deeper understanding of individual differences an organisation will be able to proactively address organisational issues (Pearn 2002). In times when individual differences produce tension and conflict in an organization, the most viable solution entails the identification of a common ground where in spite of the differences, there is a possibility of a compromise. Therefore, performing a thorough analysis is the key ingredient in finding this common ground. The main argument of this paper is that individual differences bring about a variety of behaviours in the organization. Hence, managing organizational behaviour would require synergy of a plethora of concepts and principles to generate potent strategies towards organizational effectiveness. In order to identify the common ground among individuals in an organization, the following key points condensed from the theme of the researches included in the annotated bibliography should serve both as a guide in this discussion : (1) positive organizational behaviours should be cultivated; (2) organizational citizenship complements positive organizational behaviours; (3) moods, emotions, and diversity are significant factors influencing organizational behaviour; (4) organizations can benefit from recognizing emotional intelligence as scaffolds in forging healthy relationships in an organization; and (5) researchers need to sustain their exploits in discovering how the management of organizational behaviour can enhance the effectiveness of organizations. Positive behaviours should be cultivated in an organization. Youssef and Luthans (2007) revealed that hope, optimism, and resilience share a positive relationship with job performance, job satisfaction, work happiness, and organizational commitment. Optimism is a key factor in attaining occupational success. Optimists are observed to be: motivated to work harder; more satisfied; experience high levels of morale and aspiration; persistent in the face of obst acles and difficulties; views personal setbacks as temporary and not as personal inadequacy; and more likely to feel good and invigorated. Meanwhile, hope provides individuals with willpower and waypower. On the other hand, resiliency allows individuals to bounce back from stressful situations (Hoffmann, Farrell, Lilford, Ellis & Cant 2007). Meanwhile, Giachetti and So (2009) posited that: (1) the impact of positive organizational behaviours on strategy implementation may be mediated by organizational culture and leadership strategy articulation; and (2) positive management impacts organizational strategy and performance through collaborative management. In addition, the authors suggested the evaluation of the relationship between employee behaviour and capabilities on implementation of organizational strategies by managers on future researches. Luthans and Youssef (2007) emphasized the need for employees to capitalize on their strengths and improving on their weakness. Though signi ficant progress has been observed in the research and practice of positive organizational behaviour, the authors suggested further research on enhancing POB understanding and utilization with the aim of affecting work performance. Organizational citizenship complements positive organizational behaviours. Based on the analysis of LePine, Erez, and Johnson (2002) a strong association was uncovered among most of the dimensions of

Company Case MKT 202 Essay Example for Free

Company Case MKT 202 Essay 1. Microenvironmental factors involve actors, who remain close to the company and they affect the company’s ability to serve its customer. The company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer market, competitors, and publics all of these are part of microenvironment. Toyota Prius introduction and relaunch were affected by several microenvironmental factors. These factors are discussed below: a. Firstly, the Toyota Company itself was a major microenvironmental factor that affected its product at the very beginning. The marketing department of Toyota didn’t do enough promotional activities for its new vehicle. In a country like U. S. where as we all know all SUVs sell likes hotcakes, no one would really be interested to buy a dull hybrid car. Also the department involved in designing the product was too weak to attract customers at first. When it was launched people considered Prius to be small, cramped compact with a very dull design. Also due to its low horsepower, the pickup time was very long. The car took 14. 5 seconds just to go reach a speed of 60km/hr. No matter how much environmental friendly and energy saving the car was due to low promotional efforts by the company and also the dull design, the introduction of Prius was highly affected. Also, even if the car was worthy enough of a purchase because of its environment friendly quality and fuel saving, enough people didn’t hear about it. But later on, Toyota did make its new version and the marketing of the product was raised as the brand image developed. b. Secondly, as we all know, the presence of a competitor can really make it hard for a company to position its product well. During the time Prius was being launched it had to face, Honda as its competitor. Honda successful launched its insight even before Prius came to the market. Of course not to mention, vehicles like Hummer, Ford were already there before Prius to keep customer’s attention towards them. But Toyota did differentiate its product from its competitor on providing benefits which other competitors weren’t able to provide at a cheap cost. c. Third factor was the customer themselves, who were totally inclined towards the brands which they have been using all their lives like General Motors, Ford and others. So the international markets for Toyota in U. S. were pretty weak at first. But then again, as new version was developed with new style a design and as the car’s horsepower was improved it did get customer’s attention. 2. Macroenvironmental involves larger societal forces, which includes demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces. There were several macroenvironmental factors, which played a role in affecting the introduction and relaunch of Toyota Prius. The factors are discussed below: a. Firstly, demographic factors played a part in affecting Prius. Even though Baby Boomers and Gen X had people who were middle aged and old and were potential customers for Prius. But the Gen Y included the young bunches who were more into sporty and stylish vehicle, attributes which Toyota Prius lacked. Toyota simply didn’t speak Gen Y’ers language. But Toyota had been able to deal with it since people from Gen X’ers had environment conscious people who were a big market for Toyota. b. Secondly, cultural factors played a big role too. American culture has been prone in using 4-wheel drives and they simply didn’t want a weird looking car to be a part of their lives. Also, people view of society, under cultural factor, played a part too. A patriot American would buy his countries product rather than buying products from other countries. Another factor under culture is people’s view of organization. Companies like General Motors, Ford, Audi had a stronger brand image then Toyota during that period of time. As the time went, new version came out, Toyota was able to fit in the culture and the U. S. government on introducing various incentives on hybrid vehicles also helped it. c. Thirdly, technological factor. Technology has always been there making our lives a better and there has been so much competition in the market on providing superior technology that, some company have trouble to establish a image against those companies who have already established a strong position in the competition. Toyota was technologically inferior compared to its rivals like Audi, Ford, and GM. Also, Prius at its very initial stage was not the car which people took interest in driving because of its technical lacking. Low horsepower, high pick up time, dull design all of these affected its image. Toyota was able to deal with it on its new versions. 3. Toyota market strategy was first used on people who were techies. It focused on early adopters, techies who were attracted to the advanced new technology. Techies were so into the Prius that they started modifying it technically and paying a great deal of attention to it. Toyota was able to differentiate its product in a way that no other company could with such a low cost. That’s why Prius became the best car ever used in US. After absorbing large revenues from the techies, it used it second version to target a wider market segment. Toyota was able to serve the bigger segment which consisted of those people who were environmentally conscious and as well as those desirous of fuel efficiency. Toyota did an immense amount of spending on media to let people know about its second version. In future Toyota can improve its strategy by introducing the hybrid feature into several models of car it has and thereby making a greater sales in return. But it shouldn’t introduce the hybrid feature in all the cars, since if other competitors starts making the same kind of car and has better brand image, then Toyota can no longer differentiate its product. But as demand for hybrids go up, Toyota should maintain a steady production and invest on making other new types for serving other segments and maintain a balance.

Roman Empire Essay -- essays research papers

In the Early 19th Century Romanticism, man becoming one with him self and nature, was a reaction against the Enlightenment of the 18th century. With such people as William Wordsworth, William Blake and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe fueled romanticism with their writings and poems. William Wordsworth, for example, wrote many poems about nature and his beliefs on how life and nature are closely related to one another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Wordsworth’s Tables Turned stated, in other words, that the human can archive goodness by becoming one with nature. The poem heavily stated that the human should throw down the books, stop â€Å"wasting† your life on learning and becoming knowledgeable and book smart when all you have to do is go outside and enjoy nature. This would help you achieve all that is needed in life. Wordsworth thought that nature had a huge impact on the human’s imagination. He felt that nature was humanity’s teacher. That it brought out the human imagination because that all the living organisms inner meaning made man think and put meaning into forming there own ideas instead of accepting those of others. The way Wordsworth’s philosophy, as well as others of this time period, differs from that of the Enlightenment is that the philosophers of that time felt you should return to the classics. Meaning read the works of the Greeks and Romans become wel l rounded.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Blake, another poet whose beliefs of romanticism were expressed ...

The Art of Cultivating a Phenomenological State of Mind

It continues to be a renowned belief of Buddhism that upon coming to the conclusion that neither the extreme course of self-denial practiced by the ascetics nor the life of self-indulgence which he had led as a prince was the right path towards enlightenment, Siddhartha Gautama adopts what he refers to as the Middle Way. He then, having the notion that the answer to what he seeks is buried within his own consciousness, sits in meditation beneath a fig tree for a duration of four (some say seven) weeks. Throughout this length of time, he manages to withstand a barrage of attacks and temptations from the devil Mara while gradually ascending through higher states of consciousness, until he transcends the realm of conventional awareness and attains enlightenment. Such is the final aspiration of those pursuing the Buddhist path: to acquire, through right thoughts and good deeds, â€Å"release from the round of phenomenal existence with its inherent suffering†¦ to attain nirvana, an enlightened state in which the fires of greed, hatred, and ignorance have been quenched† (Buddhism). The primary ethic that serves as a guide toward one’s ascent to nirvana is one that is both â€Å"detached and inner-oriented,† requiring the individual searching to cultivate â€Å"four virtuous attitudes, known as the Palaces of Brahma: loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity† (Buddhism). However, in one’s striving to do so, it is important for them to first understand that in regards to Buddhist theory of the mind and consciousness, â€Å"there is no self that is aware of the experiences one undergoes or the thoughts one has. Rather the thoughts themselves are the thinker, and the experiences the experiencer† (Indian Theories of Mind). As long as one continues to believe in the existence of a self, it is not possible for them to properly understand the concept of mental activity as it is expressed within the Buddhist tradition. Only once the belief in an inner self is renounced, and the belief in Atman, â€Å"the non-material spiritual element that merely witnesses the mental activities involved in the ordinary awareness of objects† (Indian Theories of Mind), is nurtured, is the individual then capable of amassing together positive mental factors which will aid in their resolve to veer from both the practices of austere asceticism and sensual indulgence, and instead follow the Middle Way to enlightenment. Current scientific research on the consciousness has observed that the ordinary person is inclined to â€Å"attend to the world strictly as it appears, the world as it is phenomenally manifest† to him (Phenomenology). In other words, man considers the objects around him to be mere associations to a specific experience, thus he concentrates not on them, but on the manner in which they appear to him. Buddhists, on the other hand, adopt the ‘phenomenological attitude’ by detaching themselves â€Å"from the natural attitude, not to deny it, but to investigate the very experiences it comprises† (Phenomenology). By employing this phenomenological mindset, Buddhists prove that, contrary to common belief, the acquisition of perceptions from an experience is not confined only to emotional or tactile receptors, rather, the awareness of these phenomenal aspects can also be granted through conscious thought. The Abhidharma, which constitutes one of the ‘three baskets’ into which the Buddhist scriptures are divided, endeavors to organize Buddhist teachings in such a manner as to provide detailed analyses of experience. In examining these analyses, it becomes evident that in some aspects they are redolent of â€Å"those in cognitive science that aim to account for cognitive processing without invoking a homunculus or ‘little man’ inside the head who oversees the workings of the mind (or merely passively witnesses the results†¦)† (Phenomenology). For example, the Abhidharma investigates matter as a composition of multiple basic elements. However, in contrast to the standard definition which describing an element as being a concrete object unable to be divided into simpler forms, the Abhidharma classifies an element as being an evanescent material occurrence fluctuating in and out of existence according to the given circumstances. In a similar manner, the Abhidharma categorizes the human mind into its basic components: a â€Å"succession of mental states† or â€Å"stream of consciousness. In line with this reasoning, Buddhists hold this point of view with regards to the functioning of the mind: â€Å"It is a mental imposition of unity where there is in fact only the arising of a multiplicity of interrelated physical and mental events. The sense of control belonging to one’s sense of self is thus largely illusory. There is really nobody in charge of the physical and mental processes, which arise according to the ir own causes and conditions, not our whims. The mind is not ruled by a central unite, but by competing factors whose strengths varies according to our circumstances† (Indian Theories of Mind). Buddhists thus attribute the â€Å"limited but intuitive presence† an individual senses in response to their cognitive experiences, not to a metaphysical self, but to the spontaneous, non-recurrent awareness one has in relation to their own mental states; it can be interpreted as one of many varieties of perception. It is the Atman, or non-spiritual element, â€Å"that merely witnesses the mental activities involved in the ordinary awareness of objects† (Indian Theories of Mind). While on his deathbed, the Buddha told his disciples these words: â€Å"Seek salvation alone in the truth; look not for assistance to anyone besides yourself. † He was, in effect, admonishing them to seek enlightenment by no means other than developing right thinking and good deeds on a personal level. When taking into account the path a Buddhist is required to follow, the significance of them cultivating a phenomenological mindset becomes progressively more apparent to the observer. Consider the concept of Renunciation. A Buddhist author, Gill Farrer-Halls, explains in layman terms: â€Å"Renunciation means lessening both our attachment to those things we like and our aversion to unpleasant situations and feelings, by realizing that none of these things have an inherent ability to make us happy or unhappy† (Buddhism Seeks Enlightenment and Ultimate Reality). To an ordinary person, adopting such a view regarding material possessions is no effortless task. However, in assuming the phenomenological attitude, they no longer become concerned with â€Å"what things are in themselves†¦ but rather in exactly how they appear, and thus as strict rational correlates of [their] experience† (Phenomenology). This is the Buddhist mindset. Believing material things to be sheer â€Å"correlates of [their] experience† and nothing concrete, they are then able to hold them with a relaxed hand, so to speak. In the event these possessions are removed from them, Buddhists, instead of becoming distressed, accept this as a trait of matter, which, according to the Abhidharma, fluctuates within the realm of existence according to causes and conditions. Farrer-Halls elaborates on this concept further: â€Å"A tightly closed fist tries to grasp hold of things, but they slip away because of this grasping. If we open our hands, things pour over and move unimpeded. In this way, by not trying to control the natural flow of life, we can enjoy it. When we loosen our grasping we become open, which makes us receptive to our environment. We can appreciate other people and our surroundings beyond our tightly help perceptions† (Buddhism Seeks Enlightenment and Ultimate Reality). Through these examples, it is evident that the cultivation of a phenomenological mindset enables one to develop a detached appreciation for the material things of the world. If this psychological approach wasn’t administered through routine meditation, the three poisons: desire, craving, and lust, would effortlessly trounce the Buddhist’s determination to follow the Middle Way first established by Siddhartha Gautama, and thus attain enlightenment and ultimate reality.

Internet and foreign language education Essay

A new technology has surfaced and now it has caught the imagination of millions of people on this planet. Surfing through it, the internet has put everybody eager to explore more of it and to become a real part of it. The effects of this technology have permeated both small and large establishments, schools, universities, and even governments. Composed of a collection of computers worldwide commonly connected via telephone lines, Internet’s main objective is to share information. From early beginning in 1960s as a decentralized network connecting some military and academic computers, the number of host computers on the Internet has ballooned much. The World Wide Web now forms the most popular part of the Net. With the development of the Web, which was first designed for using text links only, further refinement into multi-media links resulted with pictures, audio, and video links. This has made the Web more popular. Today, fast modems can carry extra large files of graphics and sound linking target resources on the Net. With the ballooning number of websites and Internet users worldwide, educators could benefit much from this. Internet and Foreign Language†¦3 Educators now see the application of the new technology in the field of learning and teaching as very promising. They now scrutinize a wider application of Internet and the Web in language education. The shifting scenes from laboratory-based educational setting, computer-assisted learning is now the fad. From monitored teaching process to interactive computer applications, the tedious and boring process has been replaced by promising results. Good software like CALL helps facilitate the language learning process though others see some degrees of â€Å"rigidity† of the program. Developers of CALL have to moderately go back to remedy the situation. Whatever type of computer, one can access the Net from any place, any time. Within the Internet is a multi-media information system called the World Wide Web or WWW or simply the Web. The Web has two systems: the Web servers and the Web clients. The former dispenses information while the other receives information. Through the use of Web browser, one receives educational webpages or otherwise. Educators are now reaping benefits from the use of the Internet. Language teachers so far are exploiting the electronic mail to create mutual interaction between and among students and teachers in learning language skills. With such innovation, multinational Internet and Foreign Language†¦4 student participants have been encouraged to develop communication and mental skills from varying cultural backgrounds. A study by Davis and Chang (1994) using electronic mailing system has set up an exploratory pattern as to what could be achieved in using electronic mail at improving the student writing in terms of fluency, usage, and organization. This study has practically defied language and cultural barriers. Knowing the culture is knowing the language. This adage holds true in learning languages preserved in a cultural environment. Accessing information on social, cultural, economic, and geographical data on a particular language increases one’s repository for both the learners and teachers. Searching the Net for a specific subject needs fine tuning. One should remember though that a series of messages having the same subject coming from the original message has replies and replies to replies that follow. And this is how one comes about learning incidentally. This interactive intercourse increases one’s learning experience applicable in the area of language teaching or learning. Besides, fellow language teachers offer site listings valuable to avid learners. Internet and Foreign Language†¦5 The use of the Net is not always in short order. It is not without fuss, which becomes a challenge to users. Technical glitches can spoil one’s plan. Similarly, little familiarity on computer and Internet use can block one’s initiative in pursuing to learn. Another roadblock in implementing such innovation is the cost of maintaining the system, which holds back institutions with little funding. Besides, censor may enter the scene when language program becomes offensive or indecent. Despite all odds, this technology will simply flourish as people continue to interact with each other. And with the emergence of a global community that seeks to find a common world language, the burden now rests upon the application of this technology today. Works Cited Davis, B. & Chang, Ye Ling (1994/95). Long distance collaboration with on-line conferencing. TESOL Journal, 4(2), 28-31.

Globalisation Has Made The Modern Nation State Irrelevant Essays

Globalisation Has Made The Modern Nation State Irrelevant Essays Globalisation Has Made The Modern Nation State Irrelevant Paper Globalisation Has Made The Modern Nation State Irrelevant Paper Globalisation challenges the state centred set of theories that assume that the nation state is the most powerful organisation in society, and can therefore be used to challenge the idea that there is a single ruling elite because there is no power in society to force the state in a particular direction. A state is a central authority exercising legitimate control over a given territory and which can use political violence against either its own citizens or other states to enforce that control. A nation state is constantly under scrutiny because it has not yet been defined but sociologists are still happy to use the term nation state. However, most sociologists agree that the term nation state refers to any country that can make its own laws, operate its own economy and maintain economic power within its own territory. Nation states also wish to determine their own foreign policy, having their on defence and military capabilities. James Fulcher defines globalisation as the growing integration between of people across the world. There are four main forms that globalisation takes; global communication, global interdependence, global awareness and global organisation. Global communication is used to express the increasing speed of which information, goods and people can be moved around the world, however, it is the capacity of forms of information that can be communicated that has really changed. Global interdependence shows that as different parts of the world are become interlinked, they become more interdependent. This interdependence takes two main forms economic and ecological. : Many poor countries are becoming increasingly dependent on tourists from rich ones, for example, workers in the Caribbean process data for the United States and Europe. This is closely linked to financial dependency because Capitalism is a global issue and every country is dependent on the flow of capital. Ecological interdependence is more complicated as it is and unintended consequence of technical and economic development. Environmental issues effect the whole world, deforestation in one country may not directly affect it but could affect another country. Global warming is mainly due to carbon dioxide emissions from rich countries like the United States but in the end it will be low-lying countries that will suffer when they loose land not the United States. Global awareness is the sense that we all live in one earth, this has been driven by economic and ecological interdependence. Robertson (1992) claims people increasingly see themselves not as members of a community or a nation but as members of humanity, of a single threatened species. This awareness that we live in a global village is supported by global communications because it is bringing people closer together. Global organisations like McDonalds, Ford and Greenpeace are present all over the world and it is not yet clear how big a corporation must be for it to be global. Giddens (1985) supports the idea that nation states can no longer control their own economies and argues that political decisions are no longer taken by the state or governments but that decisions are made through global networks of information exchange, the world capitalist economy and world military order. David Held (1992) follows a Marxist perspective and argues that international bodies like the World Bank reduce the power of the nation states. Massey (1999) argues that multinational corporations have created the myth of globalisation in an attempt to legitimatise economic and social policies that serve in their interests rather than the countrys in which policies originate. International organisations are often thought of as supranational that transfer authority from nation states to international bodies above the nation. They do subject the nation state to some external regulation but this is negotiated by nation state representatives and operates through nation states. The UN is handed power by the supranational corporations and may only use this power when another nation states security is threatened. The UN accepts the sovereignty of the nation states; however, they are dependent on nation states when the military becomes involved. International organisations are composed of nation states, whereas transnational organisations operate outside the nation states, the key feature of a transnational corporation is the movement of money, information, ideas, and people across national boarders. The movement of money seriously limits government policies because money can go anywhere if government policies threaten profits or weaken a currency. Gould (1993) argues that there has been a Japanisation of welfare as European countries cut back on welfare states expenditure in order to compete with Japan, where welfare expenditure is much lower. This transnational migration of labour shows the widening gap between rich and poor countries, meaning that ethnic, cultural and religious diversity is created in the nation states. Naomi Klein argues that women and children living in third world countries and working in free trade zones are extremely exploited and are allowed to be paid less than the real cost of living. Large supranational corporations can turn over more money in one week than some nation states do in a year. For example, the American giant corporation, Wal-Mart, the parent company of ASDA has a weekly turnover of i 4 billion. For a Marxist, globalisation is an extension of capitalism and how capitalism has been promoted throughout the world. They would therefore agree that the nation state has become irrelevant because multinational corporations grow with capitalism and are taking over in every aspect of human life; culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, age and class. Marxists understand that world trade is important and that the division of labour can help every country to grow faster however; the division of labour is established under capitalism and therefore the division of labour is imposed upon the less developed countries. Marx and Engles claim in the Communist Manifesto The bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world market given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country All old-established national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. In conclusion, we now live in a multi level society that has a global level of organisation but also regional and national levels. Global international agencies reinforce the nation state; global movements only challenge the authority of the nation state and although nation states are loosing some of their autonomy and sovereignty, but that this has been lost because countrys are becoming more regionalised. Castells (1997) argues that subnationalisms and communal resistance by ethnic and religious groups have forced the nation state to decentralise authority and decision making to meet their demands.

Tips to Write a Conclusion for Research paper

Tips to Write a Conclusion for Research paper Tips to Write a Strong Research Paper Conclusion The conclusion is the core point of any paper assignment. A research paper is not an exception. In this paragraph, writers are supposed, to sum up, the information in the general work as well as highlight the key points, evidence and argumentations. Most students think that concluding a paper is hardly a challenge if compared with writing the assignment from scratch. However, it appears that a few authors can actually come up with a solid conclusion paragraph. The rest underestimate the role of this point and often take it less seriously than they should. It results in poor marks and grades. We are here to put an ease on the writing process and provide tips to let you make the paper flawless from any point of view. How to write a conclusion for research paper? Many students mistakenly think that conclusion is actually a summary of the paper. This fact is the evidence of their immaturity as authors. Professional writers pay much attention to the last abstract, as it may have the greatest influence on the reader. Although the essay itself contains useful information and evidence, conclusion brings them all to one place concentrating readers’ attention on the core aspects of your work. In other words, concluding the paper is much more than simply writing a summary. Follow our tips to create a flawless paper assignment. Always make notes Once you are done with the general paper, read it carefully. Make sure your pen or pencil is with you. Note down all the core issues and major aspects. Highlight the most important facts and try to clarify them to have an understanding of what you are going to summarize. Research and analyze Simply reading your own paper is not enough. You need to do the research and analyze all the aspects you want to describe in your final word. Analyze the issues you have written down. Define the most and less important ones. Do not overload your conclusion turning it into another huge paper. Read the conclusion Once you are done with the paragraph, read your conclusion very carefully. Is it clear and persuasive enough? Does it highlight the key aspects? Does it feature necessary writing style? If the answer is â€Å"Yes†, your paper will certainly have an academic success.

Relationships between Russia and Ukraine in the Gas Market Research Paper

Relationships between Russia and Ukraine in the Gas Market - Research Paper Example This paper offers a comprehensive review of relationship between Russia and Ukraine in the energy sector. The bilateral economic and political conflicts between two countries that relate to the decisions and actions in the gas sector are under the review There are numerous contributions political and social scientists, the media and politicians that appear to insist on the fact that Russia leverages its position in the gas market to alter the internal affairs of other sovereign states. They claim that these nations are so internally manipulated by Russia that their foreign policy matches the interests of Russia. It is argued, that Russia formulates its foreign policy in line with the capacity of its energy, which it uses as a weapon. Many articles claim that Russia exploits its position as an energy superpower to manipulate political decisions of other nations. To study the real economic and political motivations of Russia’s energy policy regarding Ukraine, there is the need to disregard the initial understanding the media and academicians that assert that Russia exploits its position regarding oil to realize its political goals There is a need to investigate the bilateral economic and political conflicts that relate to the decisions and actions in the gas sector. The pricing mechanism used by Russia has also been the source of several disputes between Ukraine and Russia, which manifested as 2006, 2009 and 2014 gas rows. The argument seems to rest on the issue of determining the correct price for gas.

Rethinking Imperial Power in Global Times Essay

Rethinking Imperial Power in Global Times - Essay Example The two countries’ economies are among the fastest growing economies of the world. China and India have sought to make good international relations. Countries such as the United States are concerned about what the international relations of China and India will result into, in future, in terms of global affairs. This paper analyses economic development, military advancement and political growth of both India and China to determine how the two countries may influence the world in future. Therefore, based on the actual and predicted development of China and India, the paper critically evaluates the countries’ chances to emerge as a new global power. Located in the South East of Asia, China is the third largest country in the world, following Russia and Canada (Richardson, 2007, p, 6). China has a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and can therefore, influence major global issues (Callahan, 2005, p, 701). The United States could be the largest and most powerful economy in terms of defence technology, but the United States does not contribute towards changing the global economy as much as China does. Based on China’s economy, the country has been doing well on every aspect of economic development. For instance, China dominates the roads construction sector in the world and manufactures almost every product. To be a bit specific, most consumer electronics are manufactured in China. That is why in every household, there is a product made in China. This is a goal that the country had set long time ago that every household should at least have one product made in China by the twenty first century. Surprisingly, China has achieved this goal. From the country’s economic data, it is evident that china influences the global economy. For instance, consumer spending is expected to rise from 35% to 50% by 2015. This will give China an upper hand to grow economically. 70% of United States GDP is derived from consumer spending (US Commercial Service, 2013). It should also be noted that China seeks to develop biotechnology. The country bases its modernisation process mainly on its domestic resources (Bijian, 2005, p, 20). Chart1: China’s Current and Projected Consumer Spending China’s economic growth is remarkable. The country recorded an economic growth rate of 7.8% in 2012 and 9.3% in 2011. This was much better, compared to United States of America’s economic growth rate of 2.2%, India’s growth rate of 3.2%, Japan’s growth rate of 1.9%, Germany’s growth rate of 0.7% and United Kingdom’s economic growth rate of 3.2% (Chart 2). This follows that China is the second largest economy of the world, after America. In addition, according to the 2012 International Monetary Fund report on GDP of various countries, China ranks second, after the United States of America. Furthermore, China is expected to narrow the margin by 2017, as per the estimates. According to 2050 estimates, China is expected to be the world’s largest economy, followed by United States of America. By 2001, United States of America was the largest oil consumer, while China was third, but by 2009, China had risen to the second position. Innovations have been occurring in many parts of the Chinese economy (Chow, 2010). This innovation begins from private enterprises to educational institutions. Chart 2: Economic Growth of China and India As a result of adopting industrialization, China has increased its dependency

Research Assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment - Research Paper Example The US import of oats is almost 80% of the total world imports. World production is on constant decline from 55.9 million tonnes in 1960-61 to about 23.0 million tonnes in 2010-2011. Russia is the largest producer of oats in the world but does not export any as most of the oats is consumed domestically. (OATS: SITUATION AND OUTLOOK 2010) Trade of various good including agricultural commodities between Canada and US is governed by the free trade agreement signed by them in the year 1988. Objective of this treaty was to eliminate barriers to trade in services and goods. The agreement facilitates and provides for a fair competition within the free trade area. Oats get benefit of this treaty and Canada being a surplus producer of oats became a largest exporter to US for last several years. The article 408 of this agreement states that there will not be any extra tax, duty or any charge on the export of any good. Moreover, article 603of this agreement also establishes that there will be no disguised barriers to trade. (Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement, 1988) In European Union, the Scandinavian countries such as Finland and Sweden are the principal oat producers and exporters too. These two exporters cater to the needs of other EU importing countries. Germany and Spain are the major importers of oat and trades among them are governed as per EU regulations (Europa 2011). Finland and Sweden joined the EU during 1995 and since then they were provided with oat export subsidies until 2006. Major objective for providing subsidy was to prevent those acres getting converted to other crop such as barley. Between 1995 and 2006, EU export to US averaged at 0.4 MT of oats per year; however with the withdrawal of the EU subsidy export to the US plummeted to just 0.04MT. Trade among the EU member countries does not attract any levy, or duties. That is the reason most of the oats produced in Finland and Sweden gets consumed in European Union only. Raw

Use Of Maya Dynamics In Animation Cultural Studies Essay

Use Of Maya Dynamics In Animation Cultural Studies Essay This dissertation focuses on Maya Dynamics Technology. How far this technology be used in animation.How does the production house carry out complex dynamic simulations.The author will breifly describe how the simulations was acheived in his project.How other beginers can acheive a better output.Basic production skills to simulate dynamic simulations.At the end the author breifly describe about the upcoming cg softwares based on his research works.This dissertation is primarly based on my: My personal experience. My study on Maya Dynamics. Researches carried out. This dissertation will breifly describe all about maya dynamics technology and an indepth description of technologies used in this project. Maya fluids. Blast code Natfx Introduction This dissertaion asks and begins to answer the following questions. The use of Maya Dynamics in animation.How to carry out complex dynamic simulations.  · To define Maya dynamics  · To explain various methodolagies and techniques in maya dynamics.  · How to reduce render time in Maya dynamics simulation.  · The best possible way to render Maya dynamics.  · An overview of how maya dynamics are simulated in the studios.  · Analyze the best CG simulations achieved in movies.  · Recomendations based on my study. Research Methodology  · Analyzing the real time simulations.  · Describtion of how it was carried out in movies.  · Describtion about the best possible way to achieve it. Gathering other peoples experiences. SUMMARY Chapter 4  · What is Maya dynamics?  · An in depth view on Maya dynamics.  · Techniques used in my project. Chapter 5 Study of explosions. Methods to create an explosion for a short film. Chapter 6  · How does the studios carry out simulations.  · The best possible way a freelancer or a student can achieve thier desired simulation in the best possible time Chapter 7 In depth knoweldge about project Superfortress. Chapter 8  · Future developments. Chapter 9  · Reports and conclusions. Chapter 10  · Bibilography Review of Literature Chapter 4 Introduction This chapter shortly describes about Dynamics. A study of techniques in dynamics, and breif describtion about the techniques used in the project. Introduction so what is Maya Dynamics? Dynamics is an Autodesk Maya software that depends on laws and theories of physics to let us simulate natural forces in the animation. such as rain, smoke, fire, explosions,colliding objects etc. The animation is achevied by creating required elements in a scene and connecting them to inbuild forces in Maya to achieve required simulations. such as creating expressions,fields,collisions,goals etc.. Maya dynamics can also be defined as the animation of soft bodies,particles and rigid bodies. Study of Maya Dynamics technology Rigid bodies Rigid body are defined as those surfaces that doesnt deform its shape when it collide with another object.A few examples in real world would be billard balls and carroms . Rigid body technique in maya provides the simulation of geometric elements in a dynamically controlled enviornment using collision based system in Maya. There are two types of rigid bodies Active and Passive rigid bodies. Active rigid body are created for colliding with another surface and for simulating in a realistic manner.They have the ability to move, spin, rotate and collide with passive objects. Difference between active rigid body and passive rigid body. Active Passive can be keyframed Yes No respond to collisions No Yes affectd by fields No Yes Particles Maya particles are those objects that have no volume or size.They are basically reference points simulated, animated, and renderd seperatly.Like any other nodes in maya , particles also contain nodes that contain attributes which can be used for controlling individual particles.Nodes contain array, ramps , scripts and expressions. How does Maya particles differ from Maya geometry? Particles are points in space which require special care while rendering. Particles can only be renderd out using software or hardware rendering methods Fields Fields are the natural forces in nature that are manupilated in Autodesk maya.Such as gravity,wind,turbulance,air etc..that increases particle simulation and visual of the scene in a better way. Particle expressions One of the most powerful and infinite method of controlling particle parameters.Particles expressions depends on Mel syntax.Few examples of Particle expressions are: The first expressions determines the life time and the second expression determines the color of simulated particles in a maya scene. particleShape1.lifespanPP=time*1; particleShape1.rgbPP=rand(0,1); Goals Goals are a very strong method of animating the particles.Goals work more like a huge magnet that attract particles towards it or goals are considerd as the destination point for the particles.Goals have thier own attributes specifically designed for goal based simulation. Particle instancing Particle instancing control the motion and simulation of the instanced object created in Maya.Particle instancing are uesd for creating multiple objects that folllow their parents simulation.One example is : Thousands of arrows shot up in the sky. How to render out particles in Maya? Now here is a frequent question asked by freshers.What good is it to simulate the particles in maya and doesnt have the knowledge to render it out . Maya provides two option to render particle simulation. Software rendering Hardware rendering software rendering This technique allows for scene integration of particles and other renderd objects.Software renderd particles have glows, shadows, and lighting effects. Hardware rendering Hardware rendering is one of the quickest method of image creation in maya.But these images are taken to compositing softwares for compositing with the rest of the scene. In depth study of Maya Dynamics techniques used in the project Techniques used in the project Fluids Particle Instancing Maya Fluids Maya fluids are widely used for creating fluid simulations.Maya fluid box contains emiiter and container which supports the creation and simulations of smoke,fire,clouds,explosions etc.. this chapter brefily describes about the use of containers , how to create a reaction and how to render it out. Fluid containers Fluid containers visually represents a small scene inside a maya scene.They are best used for creation of fire ,clouds and explosions.Fluids are generated inside the container by an emitter or by painting the fluid inside the container.The simulation happens only inside the container.Dynamic forces are then connected to the container for better simulations. There are two types of container in maya 2d container 3d container 3d conatiner 2d container Both work in the same way but the only difference between them is 2d containers are flat and they simulate much faster where as 3d containers are cubical volumes and will take time for them to simulate. 3d containers 3d containers have depth ,height and width.Which obviously increases the render time.The best possible way to start working in a 3d conatiner is by setting its resolution at 20,20,20 intially and grdually increasing accordigly.One important thing in 3d container is that the size and resolution are proportional to each other. If the container size is 10,20,10 then resolution should be set to 20,40,20, or 5,10,5.Other wise the fluids will get strecthed and simulation appears strecthed.But ofcourse there are some instances when they can be alterd. (Above) size and resolution Chapter 5 This chapter decribes the study of explosions i have conducted for my project. Object of Research The series of research reported in this document is the study of physical phenomenon, the visual of an explosion and the after effect of the situvation that happens when an explosion occours.This includes study of the destructions of different shaped explosions , and the turbulence that occours during the time of ignition, as well as a study of damage occured and its after effects such as fire and smoke. What is an explosion? An explosion can be defined as a sudden bursting or blowing apart caused by energy released from a very fast escape of gases under pressure, or from a very fast chemical reaction or a nuclear reaction. Which in result produces a shock wave, loud noise, heat and light. What are the different types of Explosions? Explosions are classified into three categories. Mechanical Explosions Chemical Explosions Nuclear Explosions Mechanical Explosions The gradual build up of gases and pressure inside a pressure cooker. When the safety pressure valve is destroyed, blocked or eliminated intense amount of heat is generated. Mechanical explosion results from spontaneous combustion created by dust in a grain storage bin. Chemical Explosions Chemical explosions are caused by extremely rapid conversion of solid or liquid explosive compound into gases which has highly increased volume compared to the original compound. All manufactured explosives are chemical explosions. The explosion rate is too fast that it takes only a micro second to create intense heat and pressure. Nuclear Explosions May only be induced by either fission (splitting of nuclei of atom) or fusion (joining nuclei of atoms under great force). When the action occurs tremendous energy, heat, gas and shock takes place creating a blast equivalent to 40 million pounds of high explosive. A nuclear explosion occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from an intentionally high speed nuclear reaction. The explosion of an atomic bomb. Visual of an Explosion The effects are Heat, Light and Gases. Changes that occour results in combustion or burning. The initial color of an explosion is bright yellow, bright orange which gradually develops into bright thick red and die into a grayish and black color. Velocity of an Explosion Black powder detonates 3000-5000 feet per second. High explosives detonate from a range of 3300-29,000 fps. Primary effects from an Explosion Blast pressure effect.(positive and negative effect) Fragmentation effect. Incendiary or thermal effect. Ionization radiation. Residual radiation. Blast pressure Blast pressure are clasified into two categories Positive blast Negative blast Positive blast effect The explosion creates a blast of pressure going outward in a 360 degree from the centre of blast. At a rate of 4000-27,000 fps. Negative blast effect The explosion creates a vacuum of negative pressure that is diminished in strength in comparison of positive blast effect but still destructive enough to create an injury or death. The negative blast rushes gases and debris back towards the centre of blast. Fragmentation effect The act or the process of scattering of fragments of an exploding bomb. The fragmentation can be defined as the process of dividing. As an explosion occurs the gas pressure released pick up all the debris and any obstacles that may be picked up, bent, fractured otherwise destroyed by the pressure from the blast. Incendiary or Thermal effect Thermal radiation can be defined as an electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of a material due to the particular temperature of the material. The intense amount of heat and light produced by a nuclear explosion. Example of Thermal effect would be heat so intense that the sand in the area is near the blast centre is turned into glass. Example of Incendiary effect would be the ignition of wooden framework of a building causing the entire structure to burn to the ground in addition to blast damage. Ionization radiation Ionizing radiation can be defined as the radiation that is capable of producing ions either directly or indirectly. Radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from the atoms of cells and produce ions. Forms of ionization radiation Heat waves Radio waves X rays Ultra violet light Infra red light Residual radiation Residual radiation can be defined as the radio active materials emitted by a Nuclear explosion when an atomic blast occours. Which includes, Fission products, unfissioned nuclear material Research on the technical part of the Explosions What is the possible way to create an explosion for a short film? The best possible way to create an explosion for a short films are: Miniature + real explosion Miniature + cg Complete Cg Miniature + real explosion I build a miniature and fill it up with explosives. Rent a camera for the shoot and blow up the miniature in front of a black backround.Capture the video and then take it to compositing software. Miniature + Cg I build a miniature and blow it up without any pyrotechnique.Rent a camera and capture the footage. Create a Cg explosion. Use a compositing software and composite the two videos. Complete Cg I build a Cg miniature and create a Cg explosion. Then composite the two clips. Chapter 6 Breif introduction about studios. How does the studios carry out dynamic simulations? Study of dynamic simulations achieved in movie 2012. Movie : 2012 Director : Roland Emmerich Production studio : Scanline vfx(1990) Digital domain(1993) Double negative(1998) Sony pictures image works(1993) Pixomondo(2001) Hydrulx(2002) Crazy horse effects(2001) Evil eye pictures(1997) Gradient eye effects Uncharted territory(1999) Uncharted territory About Uncharted territory(llc) is one of the succesfull independent film production company established in 1999 by Visual Effects Supervisor Volker Engel and Visual Effects Producer and Supervisor Marc Weigert. The studio focus on developing , producing and co-producing feature films, TV movies and mini-series in the action/adventure and sci-fi genres.The studio hires 30-40 artist for each project and dissolve them when the project is completed. Production focus 2012 The studio was handed over 433 shots.They hired over 100 artists for the job to get done. Shot: First half of los angeles earthquake. (above)Earthquake preview done at llc Uncharted territory started working with the preview of earthquakes.when the visual feel of the earthquake was satisfied in the preview,they moved on to create in 3d.The unique thing about this shot is that it was 100% realistic digital enviornment and it has to break 100% realisticly.That was a huge challenge as they have to make sure the shading,texturing and lighting is correct and it looks realistic.But again as they have to visually show an eartquake of magnitude of 10+, it makes the job even more difficult. Many of the shots in los angeles airplane escape sequence the background showed huge amount of destructions of office buildings and many other which collapses and falls into the massive crack opened up on the earth surface.All these incidents have to be massive and huge. To make a collapsing building you need to have more than a building if it doesnt it looks unrealistic.fire,smoke,people,traffic,plants and many more to give a realistic look to that particular shot.It dosent end there as these objects crack,collapse and collide with other objects it creates dust and secondary debris. (Above)Los angeles plane escape sequnce.bg was composited later. (above)final compited shot. To visually display all these destructions one thing was quite clear from the rest of all that these destructions have to simulated using computer graphics.No cg software in the market was capabale of achieving it.so they have to build a tottaly new software which supports the rigid body simulations,shattering objects,material properties and capable of running these simulations.They named the newely build softawre as DROP. Drop The software gives the artist an extra advantage to break a building at a particular point and how large or small the destruction should be and to which direction it should fall. Accurate calculation of the magnitude and the precision, accuracy of the collapse. The speed of the destruction and the stability. Ability to run the simulation thousand times faster with multiple geometry,which widley provides time for the artist to test multiple simulations in a day. ar-winning Visual Effects Supervisor Volker Engel and Emmy-award winning Visual Effects Producer and Supervisor Marc Weigert.scar-winning Visual Effects Supervward winning Visual Effects Producer and Supervisor Marc W Double Negative About Double Negative was set up in 1998 with 30 staff.At present the studio has developed upto 700+staff making it one of the largest visual effects providers for films in Europe.They currently opened up a studio in Singapore with 50+ staff which works closely to the the main company in London. Production focus 2012 Double Negatives most challenging part in 2012 was to create lava bombs and pyroclatic ashes at yellowstone.The solution to this issue was to use pre simulated ashes and then importing it to the shot.The individual simulations were build in fluid dynamics.After much testing and running simulations they were able to simulate pyroclatic ashes in different sizes and shapes.The size were varying from a football to the size of a four story building. (Above)pyroclatic ashes varying from different sizes. Later stages they build lightweight rig in maya for the timing and placement of lava bombs.Once things was finalised the scene files exported to houdini were all the softbody,rigidbody simulations of lava bombs was solved.which included the impacting,soil and bedrock layers. (Above)lava bombscollision on the ground In Houdini the artists will analyze the trajectory and direction of each lava bombs and then calculate the point of impact.Later they run a lot of test simulations till they acheive what they wanted.And then as the lava bombs collides with the ground surface the ground breaks apart and throws up a lot of smoke dust and fire etc.When everything was finalised in Houdini they exported it back to maya for rendering. Pixomondo About Pixomondo was established in 2001 by CEO and executive producer Thilo kuther. Pixomondo is an international visual effects studio which has branches all over Europe.They have a global network of studio in :Berlin,Stuggart,Frankfurt,Munich,Shangahi,London and they recently opened up a studio in Los angeles.Pixomondo have positioned themselves on the frontier of the changing visual effects world.They have efficent and collaborative workflow across different time zones which established 247 production cycle.The studio offers supervision and production of : Cg character creation 3d animation and previsualisation of feature film Television and commercial industry. They worked recently on films like 2012 and Ninja assasin. Production focus 2012 The intense amount of destruction filmed in 2012 is the reflection of intense amount of previews the studio has worked.These preview was not just a helping hand in the production and post-production phase it was equally important for the story telling phase.The previews also served the assistant directors for setting up lighting , camera positioning and many other technical issues.It widley helped the director to revision his ideas. Vfx supervisor Rainer Gombus worked closely with director from october 2008 with the previews.This team consist of a group of highly talent lead animation artist,lead visual effects artist ,producer and executive producer Thilo kuther.Work was seperated among the global studios under Pixomondo. They had to provide previews that satisfied sony pictures and which helps the film makers to enhance their production pipeline.Almost all the previews had water,fire,smoke etc..In some cases they were creating detailed number of differnt shots from different angles when storyboards didnt exsist. Digital Domain About Digital Domain was established in 1993 by film industry.The studio has done a lot of contribution to the film industry over the past decade and are still on the process of acheiving it in th future.They have worked on many award winning films like : Titanic Curious case of Benjamin Button 2012 The studio received three Academy awards for visual effects and four other awards for scientific and technical achievement. Production focus 2012 (Above)plane escape shot Digital Domain was paired with Pixomondo to create the previews of plane escape shot from Los Angeles.Working on the camera moves,massive destruction and blocking out the rest. While Pixomondo was working on the previews the vfx supervisor of DD started working on the preproduction , focusing on blue screen shots.The DD office in california started working with rd.They consisted of 150 artists and programers who started working from August 2008 and it lasted till July 2009. Shot describtion The hero comes to resuce his children ,his ex wife and her newly met boyfriend.As the plane try to take off an earthquake occours creating a huge crack in the ground and try to suck the plane into it.But the hero manges to pull up from the pressure and manges to move around the collapsing city and finally escapes through the sea. (Above) ground crack Production One of the shots at which the DD had to work was the plane lift up shot.Majority of the footage was live action excluding the cg buildings and the road.The trees was done later procedurally.The footage was compiled with large number of photographs and merging them together,they had to model each single houses, buildings and other geometry.They hired a helicopter and continuelsy shot the footage,which was later merged in the actual shots. The runway set was made out of plywood framed platform with cylinders toped under it.A tarmic type texture was applied to it ,to give a more realistic look.The construction helped the technichians to squash, stretch and flex the runway. Ground cracking and debris was acheived through 2d tracking which required a lot of detailed paint works. Simulating these sequnces from scratch would be impossible.so they developed a library system and started modelling chunks of ravine   each about 100 yards long, then layers and layers of rocks,debris and small simulated particles and volumentics on top of that.Each section of the collapse scene ran around 400 frames and each of them can be repeated as they wanted.This process allowed enough control for the artist to control where the wall would collapse and the number of frames it will take.When they finalised the shots its time to render it out. All the shots was renderd out in Renderman.Since the sequnce was during day it required straight forward HDRI lighting.Each shot had around 30-40 render passes.All these was composited in Nuke. Chapter 7 Emerging technology Next limit Realflow 5 Realflow 4 is a stand alone 3d simulation software which supports fluid simulation, such as water,rigid body,meshes and gaseous substances.The software is developed by Nextlimit technologies.The creator recieved an award from motion pictures of arts and science for the creation of Realflow in 2007. Realflow is based on particle simulation.It completly depends upon the physical properties to interact with each other and creates realistic aceleration,forces and impulses.These particles can be influenced by point based nodes known as daemons,which is a powerfull tool that can simulate the motion of gravity,twister and tsunami. Running platforms Works both in 32 and 64 bits. Works on various operating systems Compaitable with 3d studio max,Autodesk maya,Cinema 4d,Xsi and lightwave. Whats new in Realflow 5 At Siggraph 2009 Nextlimit played a demo version of Realflow 5.Here are some cool new features that will be available in version 5. Particle based fluid simulation When comparing version 4 with version 5 , the version 5 can simulate much faster when using particle based solver. Hybrid based fluid solver This new feature lets you simulate medium to large scale fluids.The solver has the ability to detect those areas that need more resolution and it will automatically generate particles in those areas. New and updated plugins Nextlimit added up a new plugin for Houdini,Lightwave and Xsi.The plugins for Maya and 3dMax is also updated. Script udated Realflow works on Pyhton scripting.The new C++ sdk script opens up different variations in simulating and helps in pipeline integration. New dynamic engine for softbody and rigidbody This new engine is developed from scratch and it is completly multithreaded.It has a new level of physical accuracy. Licence scheme updated Like the previos versions of real flow version 5 dosent depend on cpu,it will be licensed by machine.